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742 - Birth of Charlemagne; first Holy Roman emperor (800-14) (dies 814).

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999 - Gerbert of Aurillac elected as first French Pope.

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1118 - Boudouin I of Bologne/Edessa, first crusader/king of Jerusalem, dies.

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1416 - Alfonso V succeeds his father as king of Aragón.

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1416 - Ferdinand I the Justified, king of Aragon/Sicily, dies at age 52.

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1453 - Mahmed II begins the seige of Constantinople.

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1502 - Arthur English crown prince/husband of Catharina of Aragón, dies.

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1513 - Explorer Juan Ponce de León claims Florida for Spain.

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1550 - Jews are expelled from Genoa Italy.

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1590 - States-General appoints earl Mauritius, viceroy of Utrecht.

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