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523 - Saint John I begins his reign as Catholic Pope.

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582 - Maurice Tiberius crowned emperor of Byzantine Empire.

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1422 - Birth of William Caxton first English printer (Histories of Troy).

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1521 - Spanish conquerors capture Mexico City from Aztecs.

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1642 - Christiaan Huygens discovers Martian south polar cap.

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1645 - At Brömsebro, peace is signed between Sweden and Denmark. Sweden gains the islands of Gotland and Ösel, and Halland (for 30 years) from Denmark. Norway cedes to Sweden the northern provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen. Denmark regains Scania and keeps Blekinge.

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1651 - Litchfield, Connecticut founded.

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1655 - Birth of Johann Christoph Denner inventor (clarinet).

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1704 - English defeat French at Battle of Blenheim.

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1792 - Louis XVI of France is formally arrested and declared an enemy of the people.

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