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1537 - Alessandro de' Medici Italian monarch of Florence, assassinated.

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1539 - Birth of Sebastián de Covarrubias Horozco Spanish lexicographer.

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1558 - Calais, last English possession in France, retaken by French under Francois, Duke of Guise.

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1566 - Antonio Michaele Ghislieri is elected Pope Pius V.

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1566 - Ludovicus Blosius [Louis de Blois "Dacrianus"], wrtier, dies.

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1579 - England signs an offensive and defensive alliance with the Netherlands.

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1584 - Last day of the Julian calendar in Bohemia and Holy Roman empire.

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1590 - Jacob Andreae German theologist (Formulae Concordiae), dies at age 61.

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1591 - Jacobus de Kerle French/Flemish composer, dies at about age 59.

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1598 - Boris Godunov seizes the Russian throne on death of Feodore I.

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