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1816 - French frigate "Medusa" runs aground off Cap Blanc. Gross.

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1839 - First state normal school in US opens, Lexington, Massachusetts, with three students.

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1841 - John Couch Adams decides to determine the position of an unknown.

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1854 - Birth of Leos Janácek Hukvaldy Moravia Czechoslovakia, composer (Foster Suite).

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1861 - Birth of Peter Jackson heavyweight, boxing hall of famer.

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1861 - Pony Express arrives in San Francisco with overland letters from New York.

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1863 - On the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, Confederate General George Pickett leads a 15,000-man column a mile toward Union positions at Cemetery Ridge, after an hour-long cannon bombardment. But Union artillery and infantry survived, and devastate the attacking force, killing or wounding 7,000 within an hour.

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1870 - Birth of Richard B Bennett (Conservative) 11th Canadian Prime Minister (1930-35).

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1874 - Birth of Sir Apirana Turupa Ngata Kawaka New Zealand, Maori political/cultural leader.

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1883 - Birth of Alfred Korzybski Poland, scientist (Science and Sanity).

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