---

1776 - Nathan Hale spied on British for American rebels, hanged.

---

1780 - Benedict Arnold gives British Major André plans to West Point.

---

1784 - First daily newspaper in America (Pennsylvania Packet and General Advertiser).

---

1788 - Birth of Margaret Smith Taylor first lady.

---

1792 - First French Republic declared.

---

1823 - Moroni first appears to Joseph Smith, according to Smith.

---

1849 - Birth of Sir Edmund Gosse London, translator/critic (Father and Son).

---

1863 - Union forces retreat to Chattanooga after defeat at Chickamauga.

---

1866 - Birth of Charles Jean Henri Nicolle France bacteriologist (Nobel Prize-1928).

---

1866 - Birth of H(erbert) G(eorge) Wells in Bromley, England; (War of the Worlds).

---