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312 - Start of Imperial Indiction.

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366 - Liberius ends his reign as Catholic Pope.

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673 - Synod of Hertford opens; canons made for English Church.

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787 - Second Council of Nicaea (seventh ecumenical council) opens in Asia Minor.

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1054 - Death of Hermann von Reichenau in Reichenau (Germany); chronicler of information in his age.

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1180 - Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor (1143-80), dies.

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1493 - Columbus' second expedition to the New World.

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1501 - Birth of Girolamo Cardano Italy, mathematician/astrologer (Ars Magna-1545).

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1521 - Death of alchemist and physician Paracelsus (Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) in Salzburg, Austria.

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1545 - Death of Albert of Brandenburg in Mainz (Germany); Archbishop of Mainz and an Elector in the Holy Roman Empire.

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